Sediment in Streams

T. F. Waters, editor

251 pages Published by American Fisheries Society Publication date: 1995

Summary

Monograph 7

Anthropogenic sediment¾chiefly from agriculture but also from forestry, mining, and urban development¾is the most serious pollutant of streams today. The book combines an applied fisheries viewpoint with a basic perspective of biotic integrity to show how stream communities are damaged by this ubiquitous contaminant. The human sources and biological effects of suspended and deposited sediment are thoroughly reviewed. So too are the methods of controlling sedimentation by preventing or detaining erosion and the means of removing excess sediment from streams when control is unsuccessful.

This book is intended for:

* fish biologists * fisheries managers * students of biomonitoring

Table of Contents

Preface Acknowledgments Common and Scientific Names of Fish Species Conversion Factors for Units Used in this Volume Symbols and Abbreviations

Introduction Objectives Extent of Sediment Early Studies Biotic Stream Communities Scope of Review Previous Publications on Sediment

Physical Characteristics of Stream Sediment

Sources of Sediment Agriculture Forestry Mining Urban Development Streambank Erosion Miscellaneous Sources

Effects of Suspended Sediment Effects of Primary Producers Effects on Invertebrates

Effects of Deposited Sediment on Benthic Invertebrates Major Reviews Substrate Particle Size Substrate Embeddedness Taxonomic Alteration Short-term and Episodic Events Sediment Sources and Invertebrates Sediments and Invertebrate-Fish Relationships Conclusions

Effects of Sediment on Fish Effects of Suspended Sediment Effects on Reproductive Success of Trout and Salmon Effects on Reproductive Success of Warmwater Fishes Effects of Deposited Sediment on Fish Habitat

Control of Sediment Prevention Interdiction Restoration

Summary Sources of Sediment Biological Effects of Excess Sediment Control of Sediment Postscript

Bibliography Appendices Index